Allergy season is here, and experts note causes and options

Allergy season has begun for many Americans, driven by tree, grass and weed pollens; experts link longer, more intense seasons to climate change and report that tracking and treatments have improved.

Allergy season has begun for many Americans, bringing runny noses, itchy eyes, coughing and sneezing. Symptoms vary by geographic location, the specific allergens involved and daily habits. Experts increasingly point to climate change as a factor in longer and more severe allergy seasons. At the same time, treatments for seasonal allergies have become more effective and specialists are offering practical guidance. What is known: - Seasonal triggers typically begin with tree pollen in early spring, followed by grasses in late spring and weeds in late summer and fall. - Common tree pollens listed include birch, cedar, cottonwood, maple, elm, oak and walnut; common grasses include Bermuda, Johnson, rye and Kentucky bluegrass. - The Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America ranked the current top five challenging U.S. cities for people with allergies as Boise, San Diego, Tulsa, Provo and Rochester. - The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology tracks pollen levels through a network of counting stations and provides counts online and by email. - Experts reported measures such as keeping windows closed, changing clothes and showering after being outside, rinsing eyes and nose with saline, and using masks to reduce inhaled pollen; masks do not address eye symptoms. - Over-the-counter nasal sprays are reported as among the most effective treatments when used correctly; oral antihistamines may act more slowly, allergists can offer additional treatments including immunotherapy, and local honey has been debunked as a preventive for airborne pollen allergies. Summary: Longer growing seasons and milder winters are reported to increase pollen exposure and contribute to more intense allergy seasons, while tracking tools and treatments have improved. Undetermined at this time.