ADHD and heart health: research suggests higher cardiovascular risks

Early studies report that people with ADHD have higher rates of cardiovascular conditions, and ADHD treatments and related factors can affect blood pressure and heart rate.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that also appears to affect physical health, including the heart. Research reports link ADHD with higher rates of cardiovascular conditions, and some commonly used ADHD treatments can raise blood pressure and heart rate. Other factors that occur more often in people with ADHD — such as sleep problems, substance use, and excess weight — are also established cardiovascular risk factors. Researchers say more study is needed to understand how these pieces fit together. What the research reports: - A 2022 study of more than 5 million adults with up to 13 years of follow-up reported that 38% of people with ADHD developed at least one cardiovascular issue versus 24% of people without ADHD. - Stimulant ADHD medications are reported to increase heart rate and blood pressure; a 2025 review of over 100 studies found small average increases after weeks to months of use. - Sleep disorders, higher rates of tobacco and alcohol use, and higher prevalence of overweight or obesity are reported as more common among people with ADHD and are known cardiovascular risk factors. - A 2023 review found that children with congenital heart disease had higher rates of ADHD and that severe congenital heart disease was linked with additional neurodevelopmental difficulties. Summary: The body of research points to several possible pathways connecting ADHD and heart health, including medication effects, autonomic regulation, and lifestyle-related risk factors. The clinical and long-term implications are still being studied. Undetermined at this time.